
Today, particular attention is being globally paid towards clean and sustainable energy system. The rapid development in renewable energy technologies, growth of energy markets, and adopted financial strate. . ••A systematic framework for the optimal design of hybrid energy systems is p. . In recent decades, increasing people populations and higher technology evolution causes rapid growth in electrical energy demand. Total energy demand is expected to incre. . In order to obtain the optimal design of HRES and adequately evaluate the system performance, firstly a generic and integrated framework is developed as a decision-support. . To demonstrate the proposed framework for HRES planning design optimization, the data of specific agriculture and irrigation area in Dongola, Sudan were acquired and presented. First,. . 4.1. Techno-economic optimized results of the developed hybrid renewable energy system for DongolaBy integrating different input parameters with the involved. [pdf]
HOMER simulation results demonstrated that the optimal type of PV for Sudan is the Studer VarioTrack VT-65 with Generic PV. The utilization of a solar PV system will avoid the production of approximately 27 million kg/year of pollutants and will reduce the cost of energy to USD$ 0.08746/kWh.
Situated in the sunbelt, Sudan is one of the largest countries in Africa endowed with an extremely high solar irradiation potential. However, no work has been done in the literature with a strategic context to study specifically the feasibility of renewable energy systems in Sudan despite the abundance of solar resource.
The optimal locations found in Sudan for utilizing solar energy were Wawa, followed by Kutum, Wadi Halfa, Dongola and Al-Goled due to their low costs of electricity, high clearness index and high levels of solar radiation.
Given that Sudan is endowed with an extremely high solar irradiation potential, the government has set a target of achieving a 667 MW of PV installed capacity by the end of 2031 (Murdock et al. 2019). This clearly reflects that the latter technology will play a key role in adjusting the electricity crisis of Sudan in the near future.
The first phase of the project has been already completed with a successful reclamation of around 400 Hectare, where the existing electrical energy system is isolated from the national grid of Sudan and consisted from one standalone diesel generator, which is denoted by DG1 in this study.
The two maps demonstrate the distribution of average solar radiation and average wind speed over Sudan, whereas the average values of solar radiation and wind speed recorded around 6.5 kWh/m 2 /day and 6.0 m/s, respectively, thus they are measured as among the highest values in the world. Fig. 8.

法国海外领地法属南部和南极领地(法文:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises;英文:French Southern and Antarctic Territory;缩写TAAF. . 马丁德维维埃(Martin-de-Viviès,位于阿姆斯特丹岛),但行政长官驻地为圣皮埃尔(位于法属留. . 1960年4月1日外岛”领地由法国海外部(驻地留尼汪)管理。1960年9月19日“外岛”领地由留尼汪行政长官管理,法国对法属南方和南极领地任命高级行政官(administ. . 1.1.凯尔盖朗岛:又名忧伤岛,中心点为法兰西港。岛上有法属南方和南极领地的最高峰1850米的罗斯峰。2.2.. [pdf]
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