
This work emphasizes the development and examination of a Hybrid Luo Converter integrated with a unified Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for both grid and independent hybrid systems. The primar. . In recent decades, the usage of fossil fuels has drastically augmented owing to the mandate for electricity in human day-to-day life1,2. The continued consumption of fossil fuels has led to t. . PV systemPV arrays have series and parallel modules. Figure 2 shows the PV cell circuit and symbol. (a) PV cell, (b) symbolic PV cell representation. F. . Design of converterThe hybrid Luo (HL) converter in Fig. 3 is based on the super lift Luo converter27. HL converter topology. Full size image Negative-o. . The work aims to extract MPP from dynamically varying RES via maximum power tracking. P&O, Hill climbing, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic controllers and bio-inspired algor. [pdf]

Today, particular attention is being globally paid towards clean and sustainable energy system. The rapid development in renewable energy technologies, growth of energy markets, and adopted financial strate. . ••A systematic framework for the optimal design of hybrid energy systems is p. . In recent decades, increasing people populations and higher technology evolution causes rapid growth in electrical energy demand. Total energy demand is expected to incre. . In order to obtain the optimal design of HRES and adequately evaluate the system performance, firstly a generic and integrated framework is developed as a decision-support. . To demonstrate the proposed framework for HRES planning design optimization, the data of specific agriculture and irrigation area in Dongola, Sudan were acquired and presented. First,. . 4.1. Techno-economic optimized results of the developed hybrid renewable energy system for DongolaBy integrating different input parameters with the involved. [pdf]
HOMER simulation results demonstrated that the optimal type of PV for Sudan is the Studer VarioTrack VT-65 with Generic PV. The utilization of a solar PV system will avoid the production of approximately 27 million kg/year of pollutants and will reduce the cost of energy to USD$ 0.08746/kWh.
Situated in the sunbelt, Sudan is one of the largest countries in Africa endowed with an extremely high solar irradiation potential. However, no work has been done in the literature with a strategic context to study specifically the feasibility of renewable energy systems in Sudan despite the abundance of solar resource.
The optimal locations found in Sudan for utilizing solar energy were Wawa, followed by Kutum, Wadi Halfa, Dongola and Al-Goled due to their low costs of electricity, high clearness index and high levels of solar radiation.
Given that Sudan is endowed with an extremely high solar irradiation potential, the government has set a target of achieving a 667 MW of PV installed capacity by the end of 2031 (Murdock et al. 2019). This clearly reflects that the latter technology will play a key role in adjusting the electricity crisis of Sudan in the near future.
The first phase of the project has been already completed with a successful reclamation of around 400 Hectare, where the existing electrical energy system is isolated from the national grid of Sudan and consisted from one standalone diesel generator, which is denoted by DG1 in this study.
The two maps demonstrate the distribution of average solar radiation and average wind speed over Sudan, whereas the average values of solar radiation and wind speed recorded around 6.5 kWh/m 2 /day and 6.0 m/s, respectively, thus they are measured as among the highest values in the world. Fig. 8.

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